Abstract
Chiller development has undergone significant changes to meet the various regulations. The Montreal protocol calls for the phase out of ozone depleting substances. This resulted in a shift in Chiller refrigerants from CFCs to HCFCs to now HFCs, where currently R134a is the most widely used refrigerant in centrifugal chiller applications. The Kyoto protocol has also highlighted the issue of global warming. Refrigerants like HFCs are once more under scrutiny because of their radiative properties that make them potentially Global Warming agents. The F-gas regulation in Europe is in place, calling for a ban of High GWP refrigerants in certain applications, and a phase down of HFCs consumption based on their CO2 equivalent. Three new low GWP refrigerant molecules (R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E) and R-1233zd(E)) have been identified. These molecules are Hydro-Fluoro-Olefins (HFO) that have a very short atmospheric life times and have an extremely low global warming potential (GWP). Their merit as chiller refrigerant will be discussed and example of successful applications will be presented.
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