Hexokinase isoenzymes of RIN-m5F insulinoma cells. Expression of glucokinase gene in insulin-producing cells.

Abstract

We have analysed the pattern of expression of the hexokinase isoenzyme group in RIN-m5F insulinoma cells. Three hexokinase forms were resolved by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The most abundant isoenzyme co-eluted with hexokinase type II from rat adipose tissue and displayed a Km for glucose of 0.15 mM, similar to the adipose-tissue enzyme. Hexokinase type II was in large part associated with a particulate subcellular fraction in RIN-m5F cells. The two other hexokinases separated by ion-exchange chromatography were an enzyme similar to hexokinase type I from brain and glucokinase (or hexokinase type IV). The latter isoenzyme was identified as the liver-type glucokinase by the following properties: co-elution with hepatic glucokinase from DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex; sigmoid saturation kinetics with glucose with half-maximal velocity at 5.6 mM and Hill coefficient (h) of 1.54; suppression of enzyme activity by antibodies raised against rat liver glucokinase; apparent Mr of 56,500 and pI of 5.6, as shown by immunoblotting after one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; peptide map identical with that of hepatic glucokinase after proteolysis with chymotrypsin and papain. These data indicate that the gene coding for hepatic glucokinase is expressed in RIN-m5F cells, a finding consistent with indirect evidence for the presence of glucokinase in the beta-cell of the islet of Langerhans. On the other hand, the overall pattern of hexokinases is distinctly different in RIN-m5F cells and islets of Langerhans, since hexokinase type II appears to be lacking in islets. Alteration in hexokinase expression after tumoral transformation has been reported in other systems.