Abstract
Hexagonal optical lattices (HOLs) are formed when three beams with oblique incidence coherently interfere with each other. Theoretical model considering the orientation of three fundamental Gaussian beams is established to describe all kinds of patterns of HOLs. The formula describing the size and shape of the HOLs are also given. The nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed to generate HOLs in experiment. The relations between the geometry parameters (size and shape) of HOLs and orientations of three beams are experimentally and numerically investigated. The experimental generated HOLs can be well simulated using our theory. Our study about HOLs generated by three-beam interference can be used to fabricate periodic structure modulation for the refractive index of a nonlinear media or create two-dimensional photonic crystals.
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