Hexaconazole-Micelle Nanodelivery System Prepared Using Different Surfactants for Ganoderma Antifungal Application.

Isshadiba Faikah Mustafa,Nur Hailini Zainol Hilmi,Sharida Fakurazi,Mohd Zobir Hussein,Abu Seman Idris

doi:10.3390/molecules26195837

Isshadiba Faikah Mustafa, Nur Hailini Zainol Hilmi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195837

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Abstract

Reports on fungicide-based agronanochemicals in combating disastrous basal stem rot disease in the oil palm industry are scant. Herein, we describe the potential of fungicide nanodelivery agents based on hexaconazole-micelle systems produced using three different surfactants; sodium dodecylbenze sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 80 (T80). The resulting nanodelivery systems were characterized and the results supported the encapsulation of the fungicide into the micelles of the surfactants. We have investigated in detail the size-dependent effects of the as-synthesized micelles towards the inhibition growth of Ganoderma Boninense fungi. All the nanodelivery systems indicate that their size decreased as the surfactant concentration was increased, and it directly affects the fungal inhibition. It was also found that Tween 80, a non-ionic surfactant gave the lowest effective concentration, the EC50 value of 2, on the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma boninense compared to the other anionic surfactants; SDBS and SDS. This study opens up a new generation of agronanofungicide of better efficacy for Ganoderma disease treatment.

Highlights

Basal stem rot disease (BSR) is a leading concern in the palm oil upstream industry.This soil-borne disease is caused by a facultative saprophyte organism called Ganoderma boninense
Apart from chemical properties, we explored the effect of surfactant type and its concentration on the size of the resulting hexaconazole-micelle nanodelivery systems
The method used for the preparation of micelle-based agronanofungicide in this work was found to be more compared to other previously reported micelle formulations

Summary

Introduction

Basal stem rot disease (BSR) is a leading concern in the palm oil upstream industry. This soil-borne disease is caused by a facultative saprophyte organism called Ganoderma boninense. Some control strategies have been introduced but the use of currently available fungicide resulted in less efficiency, user and environmental concerns. The application of hexaconazole fungicide in BSR management has been introduced earlier and its ability to lengthen the lifespan of infected oil palm was proven [1]. The direct application of hexaconazole as a fungicide in battling BSR disease is not reaching the maximal effect towards the target site due to leaching and dissipation problems [2,3,4].

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