Heuristic power management of hybrid source electric vehicle based on PV-battery-PEMFC

Abstract

Renewable energy sources are now being focused on for usage in electric vehicles. Although majority of electric vehicles run solely on batteries, they have eliminated local emissions but not pollution. To tackle this issue, this research looks into the performance and power management aspects of an electric vehicle's hybrid power system, with a particular emphasis on the interactions between fuel cells, batteries, and photovoltaic (PV) cells. Stable operation is ensured via a bi-directional buck-boost converter, which maintains the voltage from all sources around reference 430 V. Initially, the fuel cell supplies electricity under low light conditions. The PV system and battery take over when the irradiance surpasses 100 W/m2, with the battery first draining and then charging in tandem with the increase in irradiance. 1750 RPM is the constant motor speed that is reached after making the required torque adjustments. A model full electric vehicle with multiple sources has been proposed with an efficient power management algorithm. When the battery is in stationary mode and the state of charge (SOC) is less than 100%, extra solar power is used to charge the battery. The model also takes into consideration using the car for entertainment or gadget charging when the ignition is off. The biogas output can be regulated using an inferential control technique using artificial neural network (ANN) based on the fuel demand or consumption. The system also includes anaerobic digestion of organic waste to provide hydrogen for the fuel cell sustainably from biogas. Power, current, SOC profiles, motor performance graphs, and other validations show that the extensive simulations exhibit efficient power management and a strong model for hybrid electric car power systems. The model has been simulated in the MATLAB Simulink environment and has been tested under realistic conditions.