Abstract
Biological schemes provide useful resources for designing adaptive routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The key idea behind using bioinspired routing is to find the optimal path to the destination. Similarly, the idea of opportunistic routing (OR) is to find the least number of hops to deliver the data to the destination. Numerous routing schemes have been proposed in WSNs while targeting various performance goals, such as throughput, delay, and link quality. Recently, OR schemes have come onto the scene in comparison with the traditional routing algorithms. The performance of OR schemes, however, highly depends on the selection of forwarder nodes. In this paper, we consider a chain network topology, where nodes are separated by an equal distance. The throughput of the chain network is analyzed mathematically, and based on the analysis results, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to choose the forwarder nodes. We evaluate the performance of the proposed Heuristic Approach to Select Opportunistic Routing Forwarders (HASORF) by using the ns-2 simulator and compare it with previous schemes, such as random routing, Extremely Opportunistic Routing (ExOR), and Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing (SOAR). The empirical results show that our proposed scheme achieves the best performance among them.
Highlights
Biological systems have intrinsic appealing characteristics [1]
Thereafter, on the basis of the system model, we propose a heuristic approach to selecting the forwarders
The results show that Heuristic Approach to Select Opportunistic Routing Forwarders (HASORF) outperforms EXOR, random, and Simple Opportunistic Adaptive Routing (SOAR) forwarder selection algorithms
Summary
Biological systems have intrinsic appealing characteristics [1]. These characteristics lead to different levels of motivation from the biological system toward the origin of different approaches and algorithms. OR is based on the idea of geographic routing It exploits location information, but the selection of the forwarder nodes may vary according to the protocol used. OR [15,16,17,18,19,20] takes advantage of this by choosing intermediate nodes as helper nodes to transmit data to the destination They are called forwarders in opportunistic routing. The main objective of our study is to enhance system throughput and devise a new approach to selecting forwarders For this purpose, we first analyze and evaluate equal, or uniform, distance node placement in the network and determine the impact of forwarder selection on throughput.
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