Abstract
Relativity theory formulation is proposed, based not on the axiomatic postulation of its main principles but on their inference out of a thought experiment. With this approach, the experimentally observed independence of the speed of light from the motion of source and observer is a necessary consequence of the finiteness of propagation speed of all kinds of information. The mechanism of relativistic effects origination is described; the formulas of Lorentz transformations, Doppler quadratic effect, electromagnetic interaction and centrifugal force of inertia are derived.
Highlights
The task which at the end of XIX century was set to electrodynamics of the moving bodies by the accumulated experimental data was solved by Einstein: Galilean relativity principle was expanded; along with the mechanical phenomena it included electrodynamic ones
In the theory of relativity the principle of the light speed constancy is introduced as the axiom; purely mathematical following to this axiom necessarily leads to Lorentz transformations
There is no symmetry in the scheme with the initial reference system, in those systems, where clock are synchronized by the light signals, another picture is observed: for the reference system that moves with respect to the initial one with the speed V1 < V2, there takes place the length increase of the segment which moves with the speed V2, compared to its length at the rest, otherwise there takes place the length decrease
Summary
The task which at the end of XIX century was set to electrodynamics of the moving bodies by the accumulated experimental data was solved by Einstein: Galilean relativity principle was expanded; along with the mechanical phenomena it included electrodynamic ones This required postulating the independence of the speed of light in vacuum from the motion of both the source and the observer—otherwise the experimental indistinguishability of the inertial reference systems was unattainable. Consideration of thought experiments involving measurement of segment lengths and time intervals in inertial reference systems moving relative to each other allows one to build a logically closed scheme Out of this scheme, the postulates of the relativity theory are derived not as absolute mathematical principles, but as a result of experiments that are carried out with currently achievable accuracy. * * * Since rigorous tracking of all the mathematical calculations requires significant time, their purely computational parts were moved to the appendixes
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