Abstract
Tin-based anode materials with high capacity attract wide attention of researchers and become a strong competitor for the next generation of lithium-ion battery anode materials. However, the poor electrical conductivity and severe volume expansion retard the commercialization of tin-based anode materials. Here, SnO2-SnS2@C nanoparticles with heterostructure embedded in a carbon matrix of nitrogen-doped graphene (SnO2-SnS2@C/NG) is ingeniously designed in this work. The composite was synthesized by a two-step method. Firstly, the SnO2@C/rGO with a nano-layer structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method as the precursor, and then the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite was obtained by further vulcanizing the above precursor. It should be noted that a carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene can inhibit the volume expansion of SnO2-SnS2 nanoparticles and promote the transport of lithium ions during continuous cycling. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between nanoparticles and carbon matrix with nitrogen-doped graphene, the heterostructured SnO2-SnS2@C/NG further fundamentally confer improved structural stability and reaction kinetics for lithium storage. As expected, the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite exhibited high reversible capacity (1201.2 mA h g−1 at the current rate of 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability and exceptional long-life stability (944.3 mAh g−1 after 950 cycles at the current rate of 1.0 A g−1). The results demonstrate that the SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite is a highly competitive anode material for LIBs.
Highlights
In recent years, with the widespread use of portable electronic products and electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery technology needs to be rapidly upgraded (Armand and Tarascon, 2008; Wang et al, 2017a,b, 2019; Chen J. et al, 2018; Zheng et al, 2018; Tong et al, 2019)
The SnO2@C/rGO composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method, using sodium alginate and graphene oxide (GO) to produce carbon matrix (C/rGO)
SnO2 was partially vulcanized and grapheme was doped by nitrogen under hydrothermal reaction to obtain SnO2SnS2@C/NG composite with a heterostructure structure, in which the thioacetamide works as a vulcanizing agent and a nitrogen dopant
Summary
With the widespread use of portable electronic products and electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery technology needs to be rapidly upgraded (Armand and Tarascon, 2008; Wang et al, 2017a,b, 2019; Chen J. et al, 2018; Zheng et al, 2018; Tong et al, 2019). The characterization of various physical and chemical means suggests that SnO2-SnS2@C/NG composite is a well-designed hierarchical structure, in which heterojunctions composed of SnO2 and SnS2 ultrafine nanoparticles are encapsulated in nitrogen-doped graphene sheets.
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