Abstract
Ultrafine-grained (UFG) 304 stainless steel is much stronger than its coarse-grained counterpart. However, it develops undesired Lüders bands during deformation. Here we report a bi-modal heterostructure that can effectively suppress Lüders deformation in the UFG 304 stainless steel, which produces a strong strain hardening to improve the ductility and toughness, without sacrificing much strength. These superior mechanical properties are attributed to strain delocalization capability of the bi-modal heterostructure, which results in lower stress concentration and consequently postpones the martensitic transformation.
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