Heterosis in sunflower using cytoplasmic male sterility

Abstract

A field trial was carried in the University of Anbar Alternation location in Iraq, the longitude 440 and latitude 330. Eight cytoplasmic male sterile lines CMS, Female parents vis., A1, A3, A5, A11, and A21 and 3 tester restorers (Male parents which contains genes of fertility restoration and had mute- head (R-line) viz., (R1, R2, and R3) of sunflower were used in a Line x Tester mating system. In spring season 2018, to produce 15 hybrids. The genotypes seed 8 parents and 15 hybrids were planted in fall season 2018 using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, parents, and hybrids in all studied characters. Parent A3 was disk area 194.31cm2, seed number of disk 934.40 seed and seed yield per disk 67.73 gm, while the parent A11 gave high value for weight 1000 seed 74.2 gm, while the tester R1 gave high value for most of the characters. Hybrid A3 x R3 gave high value for head area 249.13 cm2, for seed number of disk 1356.04 seed and seed yield per disk 94.71 gm, the hybrid A5 x R3 gave high heterosis for seed yield ratio 57.15%.