Abstract
Mesoporous Ia3d cubic structured KIT-6 support was prepared by hydrothermal strategy and heteropoly acid content (10, 20 and 30%) was stacked on KIT-6 by wet-impregnation technique. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2-sorption, NH3-TPD, ATFT-IR, TEM and SEM–EDAX analyses. Acid properties of the supported catalysts were investigated by pyridine-adsorbed ATFT-IR and NH3-TPD, respectively. Poly-anion coordination present in the catalyst was confirmed by the DRS-UV spectrum. The dispersion of heteropoly acid on the catalyst surface was observed by TEM analysis. Also, the presence of the elements such as W and P on the catalyst and its morphology were represented by the HRSEM–EDAX technique. The catalytic activity of HPWA/KIT-6 was investigated by the transesterification of neem oil with methanol. Among the different wt% catalyst, 20% catalyst showed highest neem oil conversion and selectivity at an optimized reaction temperature of 60 °C. Further, the spent catalyst was recovered and recycled three times, and it showed activity losses of less than 4%.
Highlights
The expansive usage of diesel fuels from petroleum derivative has made a serious ecological issue, which is environmental change and global warming [1]
The current study demonstrates that the usage of biofuel from sustainable resources can essentially lessen the emission of ozone harming substances, like greenhouse gases (GHG) by utilizing as a mix part of transportation fuel [3, 4]
Three different weight percentages of heteropoly acidsupported mesoporous KIT-6 catalysts were synthesized by wet-impregnation method, characterized and applied to liquid-phase neem oil transesterification to fatty acid methyl ester
Summary
The expansive usage of diesel fuels from petroleum derivative has made a serious ecological issue, which is environmental change and global warming [1]. In this consideration, neem oil was an inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production that effectively reduces production cost. Neem oil appears light to dark brown in color, has the strong pungent odor, and contains triglycerides with a huge quantity of triterpenoids, which was accountable for the bitter flavor. It contains some steroids like campesterol, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol [7]. The composition of neem oil fatty acids was Palmitic (12.01 wt%), Stearic (12.95 wt%), Oleic (34.09 wt%), Linoleic (38.26 wt%) and Lignoceric (0.3 wt%) and their acid value was 44 mg KOH/g of oil [8]. The high content of monosaturated fatty acid in neem oil has shown good biodiesel characteristics
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