Heterometallic Mg@Fe-MIL-101/TpPa-1-COF grown on stainless steel mesh: Enhancing photo-degradation, fluorescent detection and toxicity assessment for tetracycline hydrochloride

Abstract

The versatile treatment of antibiotic wastewater is a serious challenge in the practical application if an efficient, stable, and eco-friendly removal/detection method cannot be widely employed. Herein, Mg@Fe-MIL-101/TpPa-1-COF porous hybrid via covalent integration was grown on stainless steel mesh by using the solvothermal method. For the obtained hybrid, the synergistic effect of Mg and Fe optimizes the electronic structure of heterometallic Mg@Fe-MIL-101 at the atomic level, and the porous property of Mg@Fe-MIL-101 exposed more catalytically active sites and own good mass transport ability, as well as the heterojunction construction between Mg@Fe-MIL-101 and TpPa-1-COF facilitate opposite electrons migration. Moreover, the mesh-supported structure was advantageous to light-harvesting or recycling during the photo-degradation process. Based on its structure and function, the hybrid still shows excellent photocatalytic TCH degradation efficiency (94.0%, 80 min) after five cycles. Meanwhile, owing to the fluorescent property of the Mg-TC complex, the obtained hybrid can also be used as a probe for quick detection of TCH in the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the obtained hybrid can decrease the aquatic toxicity of TCH solution, using Paramecia (protozoan) or S.aureus (gram-positive bacterium) and E.coli (gram-negative bacterium) as an ecological indicator.