Abstract
Exposure of the adaptive immune system to a pathogen can result in the activation and expansion of T cells capable of recognizing not only the specific antigen but also different unrelated antigens, a process which is commonly referred to as heterologous immunity. While such cross-reactivity is favourable in amplifying protective immune responses to pathogens, induction of T cell-mediated heterologous immune responses to allo-antigens in the setting of solid organ transplantation can potentially lead to allograft rejection. In this review, we provide an overview of murine and human studies investigating the incidence and functional properties of virus-specific memory T cells cross-reacting with allo-antigens and discuss their potential relevance in the context of solid organ transplantation.
Highlights
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment option for patients with endstage organ failure
We present an overview of data from murine and human studies focusing on heterologous immunity occurring as a result of virus-specific T cell receptor (TCR) engagement with peptide/allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes and provide an insight into their possible clinical relcomplexes and their potential to cause allograft rejection in addition to hindering induction evance to solid organ transplantation
Virus-specific T cells have the potential to elicit detrimental immune responses against the allograft, as demonstrated by in vitro studies revealing their cross-reactivity with allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) [27,28,29]
Summary
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment option for patients with endstage organ failure. The cross-reactivity of the TCR with allo-antigens can be of clinical significance in the setting of solid organ transplantation because of the capacity of these memory T cells to directly recognize donor MHC/peptide. We present an overview of data from murine and human studies focusing on heterologous immunity occurring as a result of virus-specific TCR engagement with peptide/allo-MHC complexes and provide an insight into their possible clinical relcomplexes and their potential to cause allograft rejection in addition to hindering induction evance to solid organ transplantation. We present an overview of data from murine and human studies focusing on heterologous immunity occurring as a result of virus-specific TCR engagement with peptide/allo-MHC complexes and provide an insight into their possible clinical relevance to solid organ transplantation
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