Heterologous expression, purification, and characterization of a recombinant Cordyceps militaris lipase from Candida rugosa-like family in Pichia pastoris

Abstract

Multiple sequence alignments of three lipase isoforms from the filamentous fungus, Cordyceps militaris, have revealed that the deduced protein from their common sequence belongs to the Candida rugosa lipase-like group. To express the protein in its active form, recombinant lipase from C. militaris (rCML) was extra cellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 after removing its signal peptide. Purified rCML was a stable monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 90 kDa, and was highly N-mannosylated compared to the native protein (69 kDa). The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of rCML was greater than the native protein (1244.35 ± 50.88 and 1067.17 ± 29.07 mM−1·min−1, respectively), yet they had similar optimal pH values and temperatures (40 °C and pH 7.0–7.5), and showed preferences for Tween esters and short-chain triacylglycerols. Despite its monomeric conformation, interfacial activation was not observed for rCML, unlike the classical lipases. From the structural model of rCML, the binding pocket of rCML was predicted as a funnel-like structure consisting of a hollow space and an intramolecular tunnel, which is typical of C. rugosa lipase-like lipases. However, a blockage shortened the tunnel to 12–15 Å, which endows strict short-chain selectivity towards triacylglycerols and a perfect match for tricaproin (C6:0). The limited depth of the tunnel may enable accommodation of triacylglycerols with medium-to-long-chain fatty acids, which differentiates rCML from other C. rugosa lipase-like lipases with broad substrate specificities.