Abstract
Methods for increasing the activity of polymer catalysts of urethane formation via their heterogenization in solutions have been developed. The kinetic features have been studied for model reactions carried out in the presence of catalysts containing Bu3SnO(O)C groups at the ends of poly(ethylene glycol) chains in the solvent-precipitant system, initially heterogeneous organotin catalysts based on the styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer crosslinked by divinylbenzene, and a modified silica gel prepared by the surface grafting of tributyltin acetate groups. Unlike the use of monomeric organotin catalysts of urethane formation, whose catalytic activity attains a plateau with an increase in their concentration in solutions, the use of heterogeneous catalysts results in linear dependences of the reaction rate on the concentration of catalytic centers.
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