Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid-state devices that are highly energy efficient, fast switching, have a small form factor, and can emit a specific wavelength of light. The ability to precisely control the wavelength of light emitted with the fabrication process enables LEDs to not only provide illumination, but also find applications in biology and life science research. To enable the new generation of LED devices, methods to improve the energy efficiency for possible battery operation and integration level for miniaturized lighting devices should be explored. This paper presents the first case of the heterogeneous integration of gallium nitride (GaN) power devices, both GaN LED and GaN transistor, with bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) circuits that can achieve this. To validate this concept, an LED driver was designed, implemented and verified experimentally. It features an output electrical power of 1.36 W and compact size of 2.4 × 4.4 mm2. The designed fully integrated LED lighting device emits visible light at a wavelength of approximately 454 nm and can therefore be adopted for biology research and life science applications.
Highlights
The three main types of light bulbs in the lighting industry today are incandescent light bulbs, compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs
Other than providing illumination with great energy savings, LEDs can play a significant role in smart cities, such as in the implementation of visible light communication (VLC)
The use of diamond-added AgSnCu solder materials for chip package coupled with a high thermal conductive metal-core printed circuit board (MCPCB), where the conventional dielectric layer was replaced with a thin diamond-like layer, has been shown to improve thermal heat dissipation [45]
Summary
The three main types of light bulbs in the lighting industry today are incandescent light bulbs, compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs. It has been shown that LED bulbs generally require significantly less electrical power compared to CFL or incandescent light bulbs. LED bulbs are much more energy efficient and have a longer lifespan compared to other types of light bulbs [1]. To enable the generation of smart lighting, it is crucial to explore methods that improve the energy efficiency of current integrated LED technology to reduce such costs. The use of blue LEDs (with a wavelength of 450–490 nm) in life science research has been shown to successfully inhibit the growth of skin tumours in the v-Ha-ras transgenic mouse [7] and improve wound healing in an excision model of rats [8]. It has Electronics 2019, 8, 351; doi:10.3390/electronics8030351 www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics
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