Abstract
Mineral particles encountered in oil production and many chemical processes are generally adsorbed with organics (e.g., bitumen), playing an important role in determining their wettability and interaction behaviors. In this work, the surface properties of fine solids, collected from the solvent-based extraction of Athabasca oil sands using cyclohexane as the extraction solvent, have been systematically characterized by several complementary techniques. The fine solids were shown to be mainly composed of silica and aluminosilicate clays, analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The particle wettability was determined using the Washburn method. The mineral particle surfaces were further characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. Various regimes on the particle surfaces with and without adsorbed bitumen were identified and distinguished using PeakForce quantitative nanomechanics AFM imaging of surface topography, adhesion, modulus, and deformat...
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