Abstract
The techniques of modern surface science permit the study of the structure, the composition, and the oxidation states in the topmost surface layer. A new instrument has been developed for the combined determination of the kinetic parameters of catalytic surface reactions at high pressures (atmospheres), and for surface characterization at low pressures (approx. 10/sup -9/ torr) by using small area (approx. 1 cm/sup 2/) model catalysts. Single-crystal catalyst studies reveal the structure sensitivity of most catalytic reactions. During hydrocarbon conversion, a carbonaceous deposit forms on the catalyst surface whose bonding and stoichiometry influences the surface reactions. A molecular model of the working metal catalysts for hydrocarbon reactions has been proposed. The oxidation states of surfaces atoms also markedly influence the rate and selectivity of catalyzed surface reactions. Using the molecular ingredients of hetergeneous catalysis that have been identified now makes it possible to build new, high-technology catalysts. 15 figures, 1 table.
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