Abstract
The primary genepool of barley comprises two subspecies – wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and cultivated barley H. vulgare. subsp. vulgare. The former originated 5.5 million years ago in southwest Asia and is the immediate ancestor of cultivated barley, which arose around 10,000 years ago. In this study, the specific resistance of a set of 146 wild barley accessions, maintained by the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), to 32 isolates of barley powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei was evaluated. The set comprised 146 heterogeneous accessions of a previously tested collection. Seed was obtained by single seed descent and each accession was usually represented by five single plant progenies. In total, 687 plant progenies were tested. There were 211 phenotypes of resistance among the accessions, 87 of which were found in single plants, while 202 plants contained the eight most common phenotypes. The most frequent phenotype was found in 56 plants that were susceptible to all pathogen isolates, whereas the second most frequent phenotype, which occurred in 46 plants, was resistant to all isolates. The broad resistance diversity that was revealed is of practical importance and is an aid to determining the extent and role of resistance in natural ecosystems.
Highlights
The grass family, Poaceae, originated during the Upper Cretaceous period and the Hordeum and Triticum genera diverged about 13 million years ago followed by the evolution of Hordeum one million years later (Nevo, 2013)
The primary genepool of barley is composed of two subspecies namely, wild barley [H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum
The objective of this study was to determine the presence of specific resistances to Bgh in a set of heterogeneous Hvs accessions held in the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Summary
The grass family, Poaceae, originated during the Upper Cretaceous period and the Hordeum and Triticum genera diverged about 13 million years ago followed by the evolution of Hordeum one million years later (Nevo, 2013). There are interspecific crossability problems, especially regarding the tertiary genepool (Bothmer et al, 2003), discrete introgressions from H. bulbosum into the H. vulgare genome have been successful resulting in the transfer of disease resistance and other useful agronomic traits (Pickering et al, 2006; Shtaya et al, 2007; Wendler et al, 2015). H. vulgare originated 5.5 million years ago in southwest Asia (Dai et al, 2012). Hvv first arose from Hvs by independent polyphyletic domestication in three centres (Middle-East, Central Asia, and Tibet) around 10,000 years ago (Nevo, 2013). Hvs is Mildew Resistance in Wild Barley two-rowed and diploid (2n = 2x = 14) and differs from Hvv in several important traits including brittle rachis and a tough (non-brittle) awn. The centre of distribution for Hvs is located mainly in southwest Asia, in the Middle-East where vertical zonality and the diversity of environmental and climatic factors led to ecological and morphological differentiation (Bothmer et al, 2003)
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