Abstract
Existing theories on the state and neoliberalism demonstrate that the state is resilient enough to restructure itself under neoliberalization of the economy. These theories, however, do not explain exactly how and why the state can be resilient. Using the case of spatial planning in South Korea around the turn of the millennium, when neoliberalism was an apparent consensus and the economy clearly was neoliberalized, this paper attempts to demonstrate that the source of the state's resilience is the heterogeneity of the neoliberal consensus. Neoliberalism, as a geographically and historically specific ideology in South Korea, combines political liberalism, economic conservatism, resistant regionalism, and localism. This heterogeneity within the neoliberal consensus in the ruling block allows the state to interpret neoliberalism in such a way that it can maintain a strong hold on its spatial economy by combining various spatial planning measures and simultaneously adjusting its spatial economy to accord with the neoliberalization of the global economy.
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