Abstract
Advances in Electronics and Optics are often preceded by discoveries in Crystal Growth theory and practice. This article represents in retrospect some of the most significant contributions of heteroepitaxy in these and some other areas—the strong impact of the three modes of heteroepitaxy on microelectronics and quantum optics, the big “push” of PENDEO epitaxy in development of Light Emitting Diodes, etc. A large part of the text is dedicated to heteroepitaxy of nonlinear optical materials grown on orientation-patterned templates and used in the development of new quasi-phase-matching frequency conversion laser sources. By achieving new frequency ranges such sources will result in a wide variety of applications in areas such as defense, security, industry, medicine, and science. Interesting facts from the scientific life of major contributors in the field are mixed in the text with fine details from growth experiments, chemical equations, results from material characterizations and some optical and crystallographic considerations—all these presented in a popular way but without neglecting their scientific importance and depth. The truth is that often heteroepitaxy is not just the better but the only available option. The truth is that delays in device development are usually due to gaps in materials research. In all this, miscommunication between different scientific communities always costs vain efforts, uncertainty, and years of going in a wrong scientific direction. With this article we aim to stimulate a constructive dialog that could lead to solutions of important interdisciplinary scientific and technical issues.
Highlights
Like many others this story starts at an unexpected time and place
The time is about a year or two before the beginning of World War II and the place is a small office in the basement of Iowa State
The idea to help himself by developing his own computing machine without the problems of the existing analog devices—working slowly with accuracy that is strongly dependent upon the performance of each one of their parts—started to obsess him again, more and more, but... with not much success
Summary
Like many others this story starts at an unexpected time and place. The time is about a year or two before the beginning of World War II and the place is a small office in the basement of Iowa StateCollege. Like many others this story starts at an unexpected time and place. The time is about a year or two before the beginning of World War II and the place is a small office in the basement of Iowa State. 1937–1938 in vain attempts to realize one of his old ideas. Still working on his PhD thesis, Atanasoff had experienced serious computing problems—no matter that his Monroe calculator was one of the best at that time, it was still working so slowly so he had to spend hours and hours in boring calculations. The idea to help himself by developing his own computing machine without the problems of the existing analog devices—working slowly with accuracy that is strongly dependent upon the performance of each one of their parts—started to obsess him again, more and more, but... The idea to help himself by developing his own computing machine without the problems of the existing analog devices—working slowly with accuracy that is strongly dependent upon the performance of each one of their parts—started to obsess him again, more and more, but... with not much success
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