Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considered multidrug resistant bacterium due to developing biofilm formation associated with antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of biofilm formation is an alternative therapeutic action to control MRSA infections. The present study revealed the non-antibacterial biofilm inhibitory potential of hesperidin against ATCC strain and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside commonly found in citrus fruit. Hesperidin has been shown to exhibits numerous pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of hesperidin against MRSA. Results showed that hesperidin treatment significantly impedes lipase, hemolysin, autolysin, autoaggregation and staphyloxanthin production. Reductions of staphyloxanthin production possibly increase the MRSA susceptibility rate to H2O2 oxidative stress condition. In gene expression study revealed that hesperidin treatment downregulated the biofilm-associated gene (sarA), polysaccharide intracellular adhesion gene (icaA and icaD), autolysin (altA), fibronectin-binding protein (fnbA and fnbB) and staphyloxanthin production (crtM). Molecular docking analysis predicted the ability of hesperidin to interact with SarA and CrtM proteins involved in biofilm formation and staphyloxanthin production in MRSA.
Highlights
Methicillin resistant Saphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes hospital acquired infections such as bacteremia, wound infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, pneumonia, heart valve infections, burn wound infections and bone infections (Troeman et al 2019)
Molecular docking analysis predicted the ability of hesperidin to interact with SarA and CrtM proteins involved in biofilm formation and staphyloxanthin production in MRSA
Biofilm-mediated infections by MRSA are much harder to treat by commercial antibiotics treatments; the emphasis on antibiofilm treatment-based work has been increasing in present times
Summary
Methicillin resistant Saphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes hospital acquired infections such as bacteremia, wound infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, pneumonia, heart valve infections, burn wound infections and bone infections (Troeman et al 2019) It was recognized by a commensal skin bacterium, but later on, it was considered a lethal pathogen due to the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance mechanism (Lee et al 2018). Polysaccharide intracellular adhesion (PIA) is encoded by an ica locus responsible for maintaining the bacterial cell adhesion factor (Otto 2013). These virulence factors are highly interconnected with biofilm formation. The present study mainly focused on screening bioactive components with antibiofilm potential against MRSA
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