Abstract
BackgroundWe previously showed, in healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreases diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic consumption of orange juice on the gene expression profile of leukocytes in healthy volunteers and to assess to what extent hesperidin is involved in the effect of orange juice.Methodology/Principal FindingsVolunteers were included in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Throughout three 4-week periods, volunteers consumed daily: 500 ml orange juice, 500 ml control drink plus hesperidin or 500 ml control drink and placebo. Blood samplings were performed on 10 overnight-fasted subjects after the 4-week treatment period. Global gene expression profiles were determined using human whole genome cDNA microarrays. Both orange juice and hesperidin consumption significantly affected leukocyte gene expression. Orange juice consumption induced changes in expression of, 3,422 genes, while hesperidin intake modulated the expression of 1,819 genes. Between the orange juice and hesperidin consumption groups, 1,582 regulated genes were in common. Many of these genes are implicated in chemotaxis, adhesion, infiltration and lipid transport, which is suggestive of lower recruitment and infiltration of circulating cells to vascular wall and lower lipid accumulation.ConclusionsThis study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin displays a relevant role in the genomic effect of this beverage.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT 00983086
Highlights
We previously showed, in healthy, middle-aged, but moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreased diastolic blood pressure and significantly improved postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity [1]
This study shows that regular consumption of orange juice for 4 weeks alters leukocyte gene expression to an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic profile, and hesperidin displays a relevant role in the genomic effect of this beverage
After paired statistical analysis followed by false positive correction of the gene expression profiles, modification of the gene expression profile was observed in blood cells from volunteers that consumed orange juice or hesperidin+control drink in comparison to the placebo+control drink group
Summary
In healthy, middle-aged, but moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreased diastolic blood pressure and significantly improved postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity [1]. Our study strongly suggested that hesperidin, its major flavonoid, is causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The reduction of reactive oxygen species generation and NF-kB binding following orange juice intake could possibly be due to its flavonoid content, as suggested by in vitro results These changes occurred when mononuclear cells were incubated with hesperetin, while fructose or ascorbic acid did not cause any change [3]. In healthy, middle-aged, moderately overweight men, that orange juice decreases diastolic blood pressure and significantly improves postprandial microvascular endothelial reactivity and that hesperidin could be causally linked to the observed beneficial effect of orange juice. The objective was to determine the effect of chronic consumption of orange juice on the gene expression profile of leukocytes in healthy volunteers and to assess to what extent hesperidin is involved in the effect of orange juice
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