Abstract
BackgroundGlioblastoma is the most common type of malignant tumor of the brain. Despite substantial improvements in therapy, the 5-year survival rate of patients with glioblastoma remains low. Antitumor drug development has encountered considerable obstacles, which can be attributed to metastasis and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hesperetin (HSP), derived from citrus fruits, exhibits several biological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, in vitro models have shown that HSP can easily cross the BBB. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of HSP on glioblastoma cells.MethodsGL261 cell were cultured and treated with different dose HSP. The cell viability was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cell apoptosis was determined using an Annexin V/propidine iodide (PI) staining and Hoechst staining and detection assay, cell migration and invasion were observed on GL261 cells using Matrigel-coated Transwells and Wound-Healing assay. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blotting.ResultsHSP suppressed cell proliferation and could induce apoptosis, the latter of which might be regulated through the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Furthermore, HSP inhibited cell migration and invasion by downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin while downregulating N-cadherin and vimentin expression.ConclusionsThese findings suggest HSP to be an alternative preventive and therapeutic antiglioblastoma drug that may be especially useful for patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
