Abstract
Limited energy resources of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) make energy consumption the most significant problem in practice. This paper proposes a novel, dynamic, self-organizing Hesitant Fuzzy Entropy-based Opportunistic Clustering and data fusion Scheme (HFECS) in order to overcome the energy consumption and network lifetime bottlenecks. The asynchronous working-sleeping cycle of sensor nodes could be exploited to make an opportunistic connection between sensor nodes in heterogeneous clustering. HFECS incorporates two levels of hierarchy in the network and energy heterogeneity is characterized using three levels of energy in sensor nodes. HFECS gathers local sensory data from sensor nodes and utilizes multi-attribute decision modeling and the entropy weight coefficient method for cluster formation and the cluster head election procedure. After cluster formation, HFECS uses the same techniques for performing data fusion at the first hierarchical level to reduce the redundant information flow from the first-second hierarchical levels, which can lead to an improvement in energy consumption, better utilization of bandwidth and extension of network lifetime. Our simulation results reveal that HFECS outperforms the existing benchmark schemes of heterogeneous clustering for larger network sizes in terms of half-life period, stability period, average residual energy, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio.
Highlights
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the wireless sensors are spatially distributed autonomous devices responsible for sensing the change in the required physical phenomena of their surrounding environment using a small microprocessor, a few transducers, a radio transceiver and a low-power battery [1,2]
The stability period of all clustering schemes is decreased with the increase in network size due to the reason that the distance between sensor nodes and the energy consumption is increased as we increase our network size
For most of the clustering schemes, energy is consumed for performing data forwarding and lossy aggregation tasks but in the case of HFECS, we perform lossless aggregation at Cluster Head (CH) by concatenating multiple data packets into a single large data packet of specified length to reduce the energy consumption, resulting in an enhanced stability period in comparison to other clustering schemes for larger network sizes
Summary
In WSNs, the wireless sensors are spatially distributed autonomous devices responsible for sensing the change in the required physical phenomena of their surrounding environment using a small microprocessor, a few transducers, a radio transceiver and a low-power battery [1,2]. These wireless sensor devices collaborate with each other for data sensing, data collection and aggregation purposes [2,3]. In order to reduce the communication overhead and to allocate resources to sensor nodes effectively, we need a topology architecture in which sensor nodes are organized in clusters. The aggregated or fused data can be forwarded to the Base Station (BS) for further processing and accurate decision making of interested events [4,5,6]
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