Abstract
Altering physical actions when responding to changing environmental demands is important but not always effectively performed. This ineffectiveness, which is an error of social behavior generated by mutual interactions, is not well understood. This study investigated mechanisms of a hesitant behavior that occurs in people walking toward each other, causing people to move in the same direction when attempting to avoid a collision. Using a motion capture device affixed to 17 pairs, we first confirmed the hesitant behavior by a difference between the experimental task, which involved an indeterminate situation to assess the actions of another individual, and the control task, which involved a predetermined avoiding direction, in a real-time situation involving two people. We next investigated the effect of three external factors: long distance until an event, synchronized walking cycle, and different foot relations in dyads on the hesitant behavior. A dramatic increase in freezing and near-collision behavior occurred in dyads for which the avoiding direction was not predetermined. The behavior related with the combination of long distance until an event, synchronized walking cycle, and different foot relations in dyads. We found that the hesitant behavior is influenced by an interpersonal relationship under enough distance to predict other movement. The hesitant behavior has possibly emerged as an undesired by-product of joint action. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of adaptive control of perception-action coupling in mutual interaction.
Highlights
Appropriate control of the coupling of perceptions to actions leads to superior goal-directed motor behavior, and reflects an important psychosocial adaptation of conscious or unconscious control abilities (Aarts et al, 2008; Filevich et al, 2012; Land, 2012)
delay time (DT) and moving in a mistaken direction (MMD) counts peaked with the combination of long pre-event distance, synchronized cycle, and different foot conditions, suggesting that the confluence of the three studied external factors affected the increases in freezing and near misses
While the predictive process always depended on automatic perception-action processing in the experimental conditions, confusion in the predictive process should be augmented by the external factors
Summary
Appropriate control of the coupling of perceptions to actions leads to superior goal-directed motor behavior, and reflects an important psychosocial adaptation of conscious or unconscious control abilities (Aarts et al, 2008; Filevich et al, 2012; Land, 2012). Joint action can be defined as a social interaction whereby two people coordinate their actions with a co-representation of the action and its goal in mind (Sebanz et al, 2006). The joint action requires coordination of one’s actions with those of others in space and time and across different sensory modalities (Sebanz and Knoblich, 2009). Previous findings suggest that visual, auditory, and tactile targets are represented in a common visual reference frame that facilitates communication and integration of different sensory inputs and enables the translation into movement plans (Pouget et al, 2002; Harrar and Harris, 2010). Richardson et al (2007) showed that an interpersonal coordination in rocking chair movements is constrained by the self-organizing dynamics of coupled oscillator systems Hesitant avoidance while walking collision-avoidance, using a task that involves moving targets without them colliding into each other on a computer screen (Richardson et al, 2015). Richardson et al (2007) showed that an interpersonal coordination in rocking chair movements is constrained by the self-organizing dynamics of coupled oscillator systems
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