Abstract

Considering the importance of members of the French bar in the history of the French Revolution, and in the public sphere of the kingdom during the years leading up to it, it is surprising how little attention this group has attracted among French historians. All the running has been made in recent times by American scholars. Not so long ago, too, English-language studies of the world of advocacy such as those by Lenard Berlanstein, Michael Fitzsimmons, Sarah Maza, or David Bell would have made little impact in the largely monoglot world of French scholarship. The work of Hervé Leuwers shows how much this has changed. He offers us a full-scale survey of the history of the bar from Louis XIV to Louis-Philippe, deeply researched in scattered, often fragmented, and sometimes semi-private archives, and written making full use of the findings of non-French researchers. The approach has changed, too. Whereas in the twentieth century the subject group would have been exhaustively analyzed in socioeconomic detail, with cultural and organizational activity relegated to introductions and thin supplementary chapters, Leuwers's emphasis is all on cultural values and behavior.

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