Herpesviruses in Periodontitis: An Umbrella Review.

Abstract

Despite numerous studies indicating a high prevalence of herpesviruses in both apical and marginal periodontitis samples, their exact role in the pathogenesis of a periodontal disease is still unclear. This umbrella review aimed to summarize data on herpesviruses detection in marginal periodontitis (MP) and apical periodontitis of endodontic origin (APEO) samples. The study protocol has been drafted a priori and registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020215922). The literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception to October 2020, with no language restrictions. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that evaluated the association between the occurrence of herpesviruses and different forms of periodontal diseases were included. Other types of studies, including narrative reviews, were excluded. Two reviewers independently performed a literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment of included studies. Any disagreements or doubts were resolved by a third reviewer. The quality of the reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool (A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews). Six systematic reviews were included in the current review. One was graded as high quality, another one was graded as moderate quality, whereas the other four were graded as critically low-quality reviews. The presence of herpesviruses in subgingival samples was associated with an increased risk of MP, supported by the corresponding meta-analyses. Although the association was strong (OR > 3.0), the confidence intervals were wide, heterogeneity was significant, and studies were of small sample size. In addition, publication bias was detected. Contrary, data from systematic reviews that assessed APEO and herpesviruses did not show any significant associations. Low-quality studies with high uncertainty suggest a strong association between herpesviruses and MP, but not with APEO.