梵净山保护区食蟹獴(Herpestes urva)栖息地选择与日活动节律

Abstract

野生动物栖息地选择与日活动节律是其长期生存适应的结果，对物种生存繁衍具有重要意义。2017年4月至2019年7月，组在梵净山国家级自然保护区内布设了41台红外相机进行监测和研究。基于红外相机监测数据，利用占域模型（Occupancy model）和核密度估计方法（Kernel density estimation），对食蟹獴（Herpestes urva）的栖息地选择和日活动节律进行了分析探讨。结果表明：（1）食蟹獴在常绿落叶阔叶混交林出现频率最高，在落叶阔叶林和针阔混交林出现频率最低，并集中出现于中低海拔区域；（2）在8种栖息地选择影响因素中，具有重要影响的因子为针阔混交林、海拔、水源地和常绿阔叶落叶混交林4种。其中，食蟹獴明显选择常绿阔叶落叶混交林（β=1.79±1.19 SE），明显排斥针阔混交林（β=-1.93±1.30 SE），海拔高度、离水源地的距离与占用率呈明显负相关；（3）年活动节律显示，食蟹獴在雨季活动明显增多，4-9月的活动频次在全年活动中占比达83.50%；（4）食蟹獴为完全昼行性物种，日活动时间分配较为平均，在9：00-10：00和13：00-14：00活跃度低，日活动高峰出现在11：00-13：00。梵净山地区作为食蟹獴分布区的北端，其典型的山地气候特征和植被类型与其他分布区存在显著差异，并面临不同的捕食风险和不同程度的人为干扰，食蟹獴对栖息地的选择方式和活动节律也出现了适应性的变化。;Habitat selection and daily activity patterns, resulted from environment adaptation, are of great significance to the survival and reproduction of wild animals. From April 2017 to July 2019, our research team set up 41 infrared cameras in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve for monitoring the wildlife in the area. Based on the data acquired from Herpestes urva, the habitat selection and daily activity patterns were analyzed and discussed by using the occupancy model and kernel density estimation method. The results showed that:(1) The appearance of Herpestes urva was concentrated in the low and middle altitude area with the highest frequency in the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the lowest frequency in the deciduous broad-leaved forest and theropencedrymion. (2) Among 8 factors influencing habitat selection, altitude, water source, theropencedrymion, and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest are of great significance. Herpestes urva prefers living in the evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest (β=1.79±1.19 SE), and obviously repels the theropencedrymion (β=-1.93±1.30 SE). Altitude and water source distance significantly negatively correlate to occupancy rate. (3) The annual activity patterns show that the activity of Herpestes urva significantly increased in rainy season, and the activity frequency from April to September accounted for 83.50% of the annual activity. (4) The Herpestes urva is a complete diurnal species. Its daily activity time is relatively equally distributed with the lows at 9:00-10:00 and 13:00-14:00, and the peaks at 11:00-13:00. As the northern part of the Herpestes urva distribution area, the climate and vegetation types of Fanjingshan area are significantly different from other distribution areas. Herpestes urva living in this area are faced with different predators and certain degree of human interference, which incurs adaptive changes to their habitat selection and daily activity patterns.