Herpes viruses and human papilloma virus in nasal polyposis and controls

Dimitrios Ioannidis,Vasileios A Lachanas,Zoe Florou,John G Bizakis,Efthymia Petinaki,Charalampos E Skoulakis

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.08.010

Dimitrios Ioannidis, Vasileios A Lachanas + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.08.010

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Abstract

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a multifactorial disease entity with an unclear pathogenesis. Contradictory data exist in the literature on the potential implication of viral elements in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of human herpes viruses (1–6) and Human Papilloma Virus in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls. MethodsViral DNA presence was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction application to nasal polyps specimens from 91 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients and nasal turbinate mucosa from 38 healthy controls. ResultsEpstein–Barr virus positivity was higher in nasal polyps (24/91; 26.4%) versus controls (4/38; 10.5%), but the difference did not reach significance (p=0.06). Human herpes virus-6 positivity was lower in nasal polyps (13/91; 14.29%) versus controls (10/38; 26.32%, p=0.13). In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps group, 1 sample was herpes simplex virus-1-positive (1/91; 1.1%), and another was cytomegalovirus-positive (1/91; 1.1%), versus none in controls. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus-2, varicella-zoster virus, high-risk-human papilloma viruses (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) and low-risk-human papilloma viruses (6, 11). ConclusionDifferences in Epstein–Barr virus and human herpes virus-6 positivity among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and healthy controls are not statistically significant, weakening the likelihood of their implication in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps pathogenesis.

Highlights

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subdivision of idiopathic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).[1]
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus[2] (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein---Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus[6] (HHV-6), along with human papilloma viruses (HPV), are DNA viruses that have the capacity to incorporate into host DNA, to establish lifelong latent infections in the upper respiratory mucosa, and to reactivate in immunocompromised conditions.3---6
Conventional cultures showed that all specimens were negative for fungi, while they were positive for Grampositive cocci of microbial flora, including Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and viridans streptococci

Summary

Introduction

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subdivision of idiopathic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).[1] It is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent symptomatic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosa.[1] The etiopathogenesis of CRSwNP is mainly attributed to a dysfunctional host---environment interaction.[2] Even though the identification of exogenous agents driving the secondary inflammatory mechanisms has been a field of extensive research, the potential involvement of viral infection is relatively unstudied.[1]. The highly sensitive quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been used for detection of these viruses in CRSwNP by only two studies so far.[11,17]

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