Abstract
A society cannot exist without certain idealized (ideologized!) views of itself. This need is especially discernible under wartime conditions as a desire to "ennoble" human activities that are not in fact humane and to create models for emulation. The response to this need is a kind of myth making—both spontaneous, arising "from below," and organized "from above," initiated or actually manufactured by the state. This type of ideological and psychological wartime phenomenon also includes heroic symbols, and the question of the mechanisms by which such symbols are developed is among the least studied problems in the historical discipline.
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