Abstract
This article analyses the urban heritage protection and spatial development policies of two model historical urban centres in Poland, whose spatial layout has been erased: medieval Świecie nad Wisłą (the Pomeranian region) and Renaissance Krasiczyn (the Subcarpathian region). Their urban layouts had a significant compositional factor (a town and castle complex in axial plan). The second element important in terms of landscape protection and spatial planning is their history: at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century they had to be relocated. The analysis covers the spatial form during the period of their founding, the reasons for transformation, their present-day state of preservation, and the current spatial conservation and development policy. General conservation conclusions have also been formulated.
Highlights
The conservation of historic cities, which has a tradition that spans over a century, despite the evolution of its paradigms, has long been associated with planning. Such is the situation both in Poland and throughout Europe, where scientists and practitioners try to work out the best mechanisms for the heritage protection process
Historic cities are treated as an important component of the value of broadly understood material and intangible heritage and their protection is seen as a part of managing said heritage, as demonstrated by the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape of 2011.3
The aim of this study is to prove the existence of a universality of conservation issues related to the preservation and highlighting of historic urban layouts in Poland
Summary
The conservation of historic cities, which has a tradition that spans over a century, despite the evolution of its paradigms, has long been associated with planning. The policy concerning the protection of urban heritage and the spatial development of urban centres, as a holistic vision, appears less complicated at first glance in the case of small or medium-sized cities and towns. It is these centres that, as a result of excessive, unplanned measures or neglect, are significantly altered and often lose the legibility of historical values arising from the traditional conveyors of these values: the compositional and spatial layout, panoramas, visual axes, building lines, and their character.. The residences—the ruin of the castle in Świecie and the palace in Krasiczyn—remain, as well as the challenges related to the need for an appropriate policy, including conservation protection of the area containing these urban layouts of centres that do not exist today
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