Herbicide Solubilization in Micelle−Clay Composites as a Basis for Controlled Release Sulfentrazone and Metolachlor Formulations

Abstract

Sulfentrazone and metolachlor have been detected in groundwater due to extensive leaching. To reduce herbicide leaching and increase weed control, we have developed, designed, and tested controlled release formulations (CRFs) for both herbicides based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles (surfactant and herbicide) on a clay mineral, montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic (sulfentrazone) and nonionic (metolachlor) organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. The percent of active ingredient in the formulations was much higher than previously designed CRFs due to the enhanced solubilization of the herbicides in the micelles and due to their adsorption on the clay. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release (compared to the commercial formulations) when applied to a thin soil layer. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduce leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations.