Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds is a global threat to sustaining food security. In India, herbicide-resistant Phalaris minor was the major problem in wheat for more than two decades, but the continuous use of metsulfuron-methyl (an ALS inhibitor) to control broadleaf weeds has resulted in the evolution of ALS inhibitor-resistant Rumex dentatus L. This review summarizes the current scenario of herbicide resistance in R. dentatus, along with its ecology and management perspectives. Studies have provided valuable insights on the emergence pattern of R. dentatus under different environments in relation to tillage, cropping systems, nutrients, and irrigation. Moreover, R. dentatus has exhibited higher emergence under zero tillage, with high infestation levels in rice-wheat compared to other wheat-based cropping systems (sorghum-wheat). Alternative herbicides for the management of resistant R. dentatus include pendimethalin, 2,4-D, carfentrazone, isoproturon, and metribuzin. Although the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin is highly successful in suppressing R. dentatus, but its efficiency is questionable under lower field soil moisture and heavy residue load conditions. Nevertheless, the biological data may be utilized to control R. dentatus. Therefore, herbicide rotation with suitable spray techniques, collecting weed seeds at differential heights from wheat, crop rotation, alternate tillage practices, and straw retention are recommended for addressing the resistance issue in R. dentatus in North India conditions. Overall, we discuss the current state of herbicide resistance in R. dentatus, the agronomic factors affecting its population, its proliferation in specific cropping systems (rice-wheat), and management strategies for containing an infestation of a resistant population.
Highlights
IntroductionThe adoption of rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) led to a shift in weed flora, with the dominance of some of problematic weeds like Phalaris minor and Rumex dentatus
This review focuses on the current status of herbicide resistance in Rumex dentatus, agronomic factors affecting its population, its proliferation in a particular cropping system, and management strategies to modulate the infestation of a resistant population
Earlier in India, the herbicide resistance problem was confined to only Phalaris minor, but with the intensive use of solo metsulfuron-methyl to control broad leaf weeds, it has resulted in the aggravation of the resistance problem with the addition of one more case of R. dentatus
Summary
The adoption of RWCS led to a shift in weed flora, with the dominance of some of problematic weeds like Phalaris minor and Rumex dentatus. In this direction, the accelerated development of herbicide resistance in wheat-associated weeds limits potential wheat productivity [11]. The crisis is aggravated by the fact that no new herbicidal chemistry has been developed or discovered [16] In this regard, concerted efforts are required towards ecologically based integrated weed management to reduce the resistant biotype selection pressure associated with the single herbicide mode. 4 of an is racemose; several racemes aggregate to show a panicle-like appearance and contain abundant starch reserve that constitutes about 21% of the fresh weight of the seed [31]
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