Abstract
This review covers recent developments and trends in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management in agronomic field crops. In countries where input-intensive agriculture is practiced, these developments and trends over the past decade include renewed efforts by the agrichemical industry in herbicide discovery, cultivation of crops with combined (stacked) HR traits, increasing reliance on preemergence vs. postemergence herbicides, breeding for weed-competitive crop cultivars, expansion of harvest weed seed control practices, and advances in site-specific or precision weed management. The unifying framework or strategy underlying these developments and trends is mitigation of viable weed seeds into the soil seed bank and maintaining low weed seed banks to minimize population proliferation, evolution of resistance to additional herbicidal sites of action, and spread. A key question going forward is: how much weed control is enough to consistently achieve the goal of low weed seed banks? The vision for future HR weed management programs must be sustained crop production and profitability with reduced herbicide (particularly glyphosate) dependency.
Highlights
Over the past decade, the most significant change in strategy in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management globally has been the increased focus on reducing the weed seed bank and maintaining low seed bank levels by whatever means possible
Seeding and spraying farm equipment are becoming increasingly capable of the variable rate maturity or time of harvest, using a global positioning system (GPS) unit mounted on a tractor or application of inputs
The history of HRTherefore, weed management globally shows the problem after application of inputs
Summary
The most significant change in strategy in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management globally has been the increased focus on reducing the weed seed bank and maintaining low seed bank levels by whatever means possible. During the 1960s to 1990s, much research was devoted to determining the effect of weed density and time of emergence relative to the crop on crop revenue (yield by price) loss These results were used to develop models or decision-support systems for herbicide application. As detailed recent developments and trends related to HR weed management include renewed efforts in herbicide discovery by the agrichemical industry following a prolonged period from the late 1980s to present day when no new herbicide SOA was commercialized In this intervening period, industry strategy has been to use existing chemistry for new, expanded uses by introducing single or combined (stacked) HR traits into our major agronomic crops, most notably. We outline a relatively simple initial approach to SSWM that may help to spur grower adoption in the decade
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