Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds is an evolutionary process in the form of a gene mutation or change in plant metabolism that confers resistance to a particular herbicide or a group of herbicides with the same mode of action. Various molecular biology techniques are used to characterize mechanisms of weed resistance, either as target-site or nontarget-site mechanisms. Target-site resistance mechanisms occur through genetic mutation in the gene encoding the target-site enzyme, resulting in changes in the amino acid sequence. Regardless of resistance type, this is a cause of major concern because when resistance develops, the number of viable herbicide options is greatly reduced. Therefore, there is a need to diversify weed control programs, which should be based on a variety of chemical and nonchemical tools, including herbicide programs based on different modes of action.
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