Abstract
Introduction: Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for lifelong health and wellbeing. However, painful is problematic for mothers and may lower the prevalence of breastfeeding. This systematic review was conducted to assess herbal prevention and treatment of and/or in Iranian studies.Methods: All the Iranian indexed publications in English and in Persian were searched with the key words of nipple trauma and nipple pain from inception to 26 December 2017 on indexing sites of PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, SID, IranMedex, Magiran, and Google Scholar. The results were reported qualitatively. Eleven randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with total sample size of 1218 were included in this systematic review. Different herbal remedies were used in included articles. The articles were investigated through Jadad scale. Studies that scored 3 or more on Jadad scale were selected. The results were reported qualitatively. Only RCTs were considered.Results: Pistacia atlantica (Saqez), Ziziphus jujuba, curcumin, menthol, Aloe vera, Calendit – E (Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia) were the most effective treatments of and/or pain. In one study, peppermint water was more effective than breast milk in preventing cracks and in another study crack was less in women using peppermint compared with those who used lanolin ointment or placebo. Conclusion: As each study used a special medicinal plant in this review, judgement about the definitive efficacy of these remedies needs further precise studies.
Highlights
Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for lifelong health and wellbeing
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: The results of this review revealed that some medicinal plants can be considered as beneficial remedies for both prevention and treatment of nipple trauma and/or pain
The main outcomes were the severity of nipple fissure, nipple sore, nipple cracks, nipple trauma and/ or nipple pain
Summary
Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for lifelong health and wellbeing. painful nipple trauma is problematic for mothers and may lower the prevalence of breastfeeding. This systematic review was conducted to assess herbal prevention and treatment of nipple trauma and/or pain in Iranian studies. Nipple traumas are characterized by the presence of pain sensation in suction lesions of nipple which includes edema, erythema, fissures, cracks, blisters, abrasions and ecchymosis associated with breast feeding [5,6,7]. It is located around the base of the nipple and frequently found at the top part of the nipple which involves dermis and epidermis [8].
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