Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a causative agent of cholerae, many people dies every year, especially in developing countries around the world. The outbreaks of cholera are responsible for approximately 120,000 deaths annually. Cholera is a self limiting illness; however antibiotics are used as a part of treatment regimen. But at present, the treatment against cholera has become very critical issue worldwide, because most of the strain developed multidrug resistance. Efflux pumps, spontaneous chromosomal mutation, conjugative plasmids, SXT elements and integrons are discussed as an antibiotics resistant mechanism. Now at present the demand is to find an alternative and promising strategy and development of novel therapeutics. The present chapter is mainly focus on the treatment, strategies and developing resistance against these antibiotics. Later section mainly focused on the utility of natural remedies against V. cholerae infection.
Highlights
V. cholerae, a member of the family Vibrionaceae is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming curved rod, about 1.4-2.6 mm long, capable of respiratory and fermentative metabolism; it is well defined on the basis of biochemical tests and DNA homology studies (Baumann et al, 1984)
Ciprofloxacin act as an inducing molecule that can promote horizontal transfer of SXT elements. These results suggest that the antimicrobial agents can promote the spread of antibiotic resistant genes
This study suggests that the aqueous extract of spondias mombin and Senna occidentalis can be an alternative for the treatment of epidemic Cholerae
Summary
V. cholerae, a member of the family Vibrionaceae is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming curved rod, about 1.4-2.6 mm long, capable of respiratory and fermentative metabolism; it is well defined on the basis of biochemical tests and DNA homology studies (Baumann et al, 1984). During cholera outbreak in Bangladesh in 1970 it was caused by the strain which carried a multi drug resistant plasmid transferable through conjugation with other bacteria, including E.coli (Glass et al, 1980). A study in mice reveals that the aqueous and etholic extract of leaves of spondias mombin and Senna occidentalis and stem sap of Musa sapeintum against two epidemic strain of V. cholerae O1(BA O1 and CVC O1) could be a good alternatives in the treatment of cholera (Shittu et al, 2014) They found in the in vivo studies that the intestinal sample of mice showed mild loss of villi at lower dosages regime and at higher dosages no lesion were observed compare to control groups.
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