Hepcidin: The Gatekeeper of Iron in Malaria Resistance

Abstract

Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains a global health challenge. Understanding the intricate dynamics between the host's iron regulation and the survival strategies of the parasites is crucial for the development of innovative antimalarial strategies. Hepcidin, a central regulator of iron homeostasis, has emerged as a key player in the host's defense against malaria. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted roles of hepcidin in safeguarding the host from malaria infection. We delve into the molecular mechanisms of hepcidin regulation, its impact on iron availability, and its influence on the immune response. Furthermore, we discuss the complex interplay between hepcidin and Plasmodium species, revealing how the host's iron management influences the parasites' survival and pathogenicity. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting hepcidin and iron regulation in the context of malaria treatment. By unraveling the intricate web of hepcidin's functions as the "gatekeeper" of iron in malaria resistance, this review contributes to the development of novel strategies for combating this deadly disease.