Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) that dramatically increases the patient's mortality risk while waiting for a liver transplant. HRS is the result of portal hypertension and splanchnic arterial vasodilation with subsequent intense renal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. The key to managing HRS while waiting for a liver transplant is to differentiate this diagnosis from other forms of acute kidney injury (AKI), such as prerenal azotaemia (PRA) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Although there has been previous research guiding physicians to manage HRS, there is a lack of published material to help guide liver-transplant (LT) nurses. The purpose of this evidence-based paper is to bridge this gap in the literature and provide a guide for LT nurses treating HRS through a detailed literature review exploring the aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of HRS.
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