Abstract
The current study aims to explore the hepatoprotective mechanisms of garlic extract through in vivo and in vitro assays. The in vitro investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential showed maximum 67.5% of free radical scavenging and 71.36% albumin denaturation inhibition by 600 μg/mL garlic extract. To explore the hepatoprotective activity by in vivo experiments, the animals were orally intoxicated with 150 μL of CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil) and treated with garlic extract (75 mg/kg b.w.) 3 times/week, for eight successive weeks. The administration of garlic extract significantly ameliorated CCl4 induced increment in amounts of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate transaminaseas (106.7, 116.3, 136.4 U/L) as compared to disease control which showed increased level (140.5, 156.2, 187.6 U/L). Besides, significant reduction of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and Glutathione (GSH) (29.3, 48.4, and 25.9 U/mg protein) was noticed in CCl4 induced animals, respectively. Likewise, garlic extract treatment facilitated a significant increment in all tested antioxidant enzymes levels (41.6, 63.3, and 32.5 U/mg protein), respectively. Additionally, Tumor necrosis factor⍺ (TNF-⍺), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) level (63.79, 580.2, 18.3, 63.74 and 148.4 pg/mL) were increased significantly in CCl4-induced group, while garlic extract treatment decreased these pro inflammatory marker levels (40.24, 460.4, 15.4, 45.14, and 125.3 pg/mL). The animals exposed to CCl4 showed various types of alterations like lymphocytes infiltration, edema and congestion, while the animals treated with garlic extract plus CCl4 showed amelioration of the hepatocytes architectures. Thus, our finding advocates that the consumption of garlic can be a potential therapeutic remedy in the inhibition of liver ailments.
Highlights
Since ancient times, natural products including plants, microorganisms, animals and marine organisms have been used by human beings in traditional medicines to treat and alleviate different diseases
The data of our experiments indicate that garlic extract has an excellent ability to garlic extract has an excellent ability to protect towards denaturation of bovine serum albumin protect towards denaturation of bovine serum albumin induced by heat, and the percent protection induced by heat, and the percent protection increases with the increase in the amount of garlic extract
Garlic is commonly used as a food additive and traditional medicine since ancient times
Summary
Natural products including plants, microorganisms, animals and marine organisms have been used by human beings in traditional medicines to treat and alleviate different diseases. With the passage of time, synthetic medicines became more popular, irrespective of having various side effects. Several commonly used medicines like ibuprofen, warfarin, diclofenac, etc., Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 6200 have been found to be associated with some severe complications. There are numerous medicinal plants which possess a broad range of medicinal applications and are nowadays being more commonly used because of their very minimal side effects, lesser toxicity and most effective dynamic healing effects as compared to synthetic counterparts [1]. The search for more effective agents with less side effects among alternative medicines and natural products is a new field of interest [2]
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