Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, and isoniazid and rifampicin along with silymarin per oral per day, respectively. On the 30th day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed after anesthetized, and blood was drawn for the liver function test, and the liver was also taken from each experimental mouse for histopathological evaluation. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 subsequently exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by using one-way ANOVA. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) of group II mice were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated as compared to group I. The group of mice treated with a corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman at a dose of 400 mg/kg (group IV) and silymarin100 mg/kg (group V) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL as compared to the group II. The liver section of group II showed a change in liver architecture; however, these deformities were not noticed in group IV mice. The result showed corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract has a very promising hepatoprotective potential against isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver injury.
Highlights
Hepatotoxicity is one of the cumbersome complications that can be mainly caused by overdoses of certain medicinal drugs, industrial chemicals, even dietary supplements, and excess consumption of alcohol [1, 2].Being the liver is the principal organ in the drug metabolism, exposes the organ to toxic injury and makes it the most frequently targeted organ in drug toxicity [3, 4].e most frequent hepatotoxic drug reactions evoke moderate-to-severe injury to hepatocytes [5, 6]
Biochemical indicators of hepatocellular injury are a rise of liver Journal of Toxicology biomarkers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) [7, 8]
After daily administration of the INH 75 mg/kg and RIF 150 mg/ kg) for 30 days, the hepatotoxicity was confirmed by significant elevation of the serum level of liver enzymes such as ALT (p < 0.01), ALP (p < 0.01), and AST (p < 0.01) levels in the mice orally administered of INH and RIF as compared to the mice orally administered with distilled water (Table 2)
Summary
Hepatotoxicity is one of the cumbersome complications that can be mainly caused by overdoses of certain medicinal drugs, industrial chemicals, even dietary supplements, and excess consumption of alcohol [1, 2].Being the liver is the principal organ in the drug metabolism, exposes the organ to toxic injury and makes it the most frequently targeted organ in drug toxicity [3, 4].e most frequent hepatotoxic drug reactions evoke moderate-to-severe injury to hepatocytes [5, 6]. Being the liver is the principal organ in the drug metabolism, exposes the organ to toxic injury and makes it the most frequently targeted organ in drug toxicity [3, 4]. E usual drugs associated with hepatotoxicity are antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs, which are utilized to treat tuberculosis disease [9]. Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) are anti-TB drugs that have been treating TB-infected individuals. Ey are metabolized in the liver and the principal agents responsible for anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity [9, 10]. INH and its metabolites (such as hydrazine) are associated with serious hepatotoxicity and potentially fatal liver injury [11, 12]. INH induced hepatotoxicity via generating ROS that leads to oxidative stress. Hydrazine can generate oxygen radicals or superoxide and the isoniazid treatment increment of superoxide [11]
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