Abstract
Objectives: The present study was designed to estimate the influences of oral administration of aqueous extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced in rats by isoniazid and rifampicin (RIF) for 4 weeks. Influences were determined through the estimation of liver and kidney functions and histopathological changes.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 48 male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: Normal control, INH+RIF treated rats, Turmeric aqueous extract 100 mg/kg treated rats, Turmeric aqueous extract 100 mg/kg + INH and RIF treated rats, Turmeric aqueous extract 200 mg/kg treated rats, Turmeric aqueous extract 200 mg/kg+ INH and RIF treated rats. Turmeric aqueous extract and INH + RIF (50 mg/kg bwpo, daily) were given for 4 weeks. Liver and kidney function markers (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], alanine phosphatase [ALP], bilirubin, blood urea, and creatinine) were determined enzymatically. In addition, tissues of liver and kidney were quickly separated and fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to histopathological studies. Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test.
 Results: The aqueous extract of turmeric (at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw, p.o. daily ) showed hepato- and reno-protective effects in hepato- and reno- toxicity induced by RIF and INH in rats. Significant elevation of serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and total protein, due to RIF and INH treatment, were significantly decreased. The histopathological study further confirmed the biochemical results.
 Conclusion: Results of the present study indicated that turmeric has hepatoprotective and renoprotective action against RIF- and INH-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats.
Highlights
The metabolic processes of the human body are controlled and managed by two vital organs, the liver and kidney [1,2]
Results of the present study indicated that turmeric has hepatoprotective and renoprotective action against RIF- and INH-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats
Biochemical investigation According to biochemical investigation, Group 3 treated by turmeric aqueous extract 100 mg/kg and Group 5 treated by turmeric aqueous extract 200 mg/kg for 28 days showed no significant changes compared with Group 1 in the serum levels of alanine transanase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (Table 1) and serum creatinine, urea, and total protein (Table 2) which clearly indicate that both doses of turmeric aqueous extract are safe
Summary
The metabolic processes of the human body are controlled and managed by two vital organs, the liver and kidney [1,2]. The liver and kidney actively metabolized numerous of drugs, hormones, and xenobiotics and maintain our systems. The liver is a main organ in the body and is responsible for the metabolism of internal and external agents. It plays a vital role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Liver injury may be caused by xenobiotic, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, infection, anemia, and medications [3]. The kidney is the well-known target of toxicity of therapeutic and environment xenobiotics, due to its high blood flow, tubular transport processes, and complex metabolic activities [5]. The drug-induced nephrotoxicity is manifested functionally by a decline in urine concentration, tubular proteinuria, lysosomal enzyme-urea, light glycosuria, sluggish ammonium excretion, and declining glomerular infiltration rate [2]; drug-induced hepatic and nephritic injury is the most common cause for withdrawal of drugs
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