Hepatocyte Resistance to Oxidative Stress Is Dependent on Protein Kinase C-mediated Down-regulation of c-Jun/AP-1

Yongjun Wang,Jörn M Schattenberg,Raina M Rigoli,Peter Storz,Mark J Czaja

doi:10.1074/jbc.m404170200

Yongjun Wang, Jörn M Schattenberg + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m404170200

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Abstract

The prevention of injury from reactive oxygen species is critical for cellular resistance to many death stimuli. Resistance to death from the superoxide generator menadione in the hepatocyte cell line RALA255-10G is dependent on down-regulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/AP-1 signaling pathway by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Because protein kinase C (PKC) regulates both oxidant stress and JNK signaling, the ability of PKC to modulate hepatocyte death from menadione through effects on AP-1 was examined. PKC inhibition with Ro-31-8425 or bisindolylmaleimide I sensitized this cell line to death from menadione. Menadione treatment led to activation of PKCmicro, or protein kinase D (PKD), but not PKCalpha/beta, PKCzeta/lambda, or PKCdelta/. Menadione induced phosphorylation of PKD at Ser-744/748, but not Ser-916, and translocation of PKD to the nucleus. PKC inhibition blocked menadione-induced phosphorylation of PKD, and expression of a constitutively active PKD prevented death from Ro-31-8425/menadione. PKC inhibition led to a sustained overactivation of JNK and c-Jun in response to menadione as determined by in vitro kinase assay and immunoblotting for the phosphorylated forms of both proteins. Cell death from PKC inhibition and menadione treatment resulted from c-Jun activation, since death was blocked by adenoviral expression of the c-Jun dominant negative TAM67. PKC and ERK1/2 independently down-regulated JNK/c-Jun, since inhibition of either kinase failed to affect activation of the other kinase, and simultaneous inhibition of both pathways caused additive JNK/c-Jun activation and cell death. Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling.

Highlights

The ability of the cell to resist injury from excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)1 is a critical survival mechanism in response to a variety of environmental stresses
Recent investigations have demonstrated that RALA hepatocyte death from menadione-induced oxidative stress is regulated by both extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [3]
The present study demonstrates that resistance to superoxide toxicity in a hepatocyte cell line is mediated through a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent serine phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase D (PKD) that temporally restricts proapoptotic AP-1 signaling

Summary

Introduction

The ability of the cell to resist injury from excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical survival mechanism in response to a variety of environmental stresses. In the hepatocyte cell line RALA255-10G, resistance to toxicity from the ROS superoxide depends on activation of the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Upstream inhibitors of AP-1 activation other than ERK1/2 have not been identified after oxidative stress in hepatocytes In addition to their effects on MAPK signaling, oxidants have been demonstrated to phosphorylate and thereby activate protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Death resulting from PKC/PKD inhibition is blocked by the c-Jun dominant negative TAM67, suggesting that PKD-dependent resistance to menadione toxicity is the result of down-regulation of AP-1 signaling. These data demonstrate for the first time a critical physiologic role for PKC/PKD in the regulation of AP-1 signaling

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