Abstract

The incidence and mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing in the United States. Viral hepatitis infection is a primary risk factor for HCC. This study describes the relationship between viral hepatitis and HCC in New York City (NYC). Viral hepatitis cases reported to the NYC Department of Health from 1999-2012 were matched to HCC cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2012 and reported to the New York State Cancer Registry. HCC cases were stratified by the presence or absence of viral hepatitis. Demographic characteristics, factors associated with specific causes of death, and survival time were analyzed for all HCC cases. From 2001-2012, a total of 8827 NYC residents had HCC diagnosed; 38.4% had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 17.9% had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 2.2% had both. Patients with HCC were predominantly men (74.8%), with equal proportions of white non-Hispanic (28.6%) and Hispanic (28.9%) patients. Those with HBV infection were primarily Asian/Pacific Islanders (63.2%). The median survival time after HCC diagnosis for persons with HBV infection was 22.3 months, compared with 13.1 months for persons with HCV infection, and 6.9 months for noninfected persons. The 5-year survival rate was 37.5% for those with HBV infection, 20.0% for those with HCV infection, 29.5% among coinfected individuals, and 16.1% for those with neither infection reported. In NYC, most persons with HCC have viral hepatitis; the majority of viral hepatitis infections are due to HCV. Survival for persons with HCC differs widely by viral hepatitis status. This study highlights the importance of viral hepatitis prevention and treatment and HCC screening.

Highlights

  • Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, is an often fatal disease with increasing incidence and mortality in the United States (U.S.)

  • This study describes the relationship between viral hepatitis and HCC in New York City (NYC)

  • From 2001–2012, 8,827 NYC residents were diagnosed with HCC; 38.4% had hepatitis C (HCV) infection, 17.9% had hepatitis B (HBV) infection, and 2.2% had both infections

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Summary

Introduction

Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, is an often fatal disease with increasing incidence and mortality in the United States (U.S.). Nationwide, liver cancer incidence increased on average by 4.0% per year and mortality by 2.7% per year between 2003 and 2012 [1]. HCC comprises more than three fourths of liver cancer cases [4]. Viral hepatitis infection is the most common risk factor and may be present in approximately 60% of cases of HCC in the U.S [6]. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and mortality are increasing in the United States. Viral hepatitis infection is a primary risk factor for HCC. This study describes the relationship between viral hepatitis and HCC in New York City (NYC)

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