Hepatobiliary Infection after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation in Patients with Prior Biliary Intervention: A Multi-Institution Retrospective Study

Abstract

PurposeTo estimate the risk of hepatobiliary infection, including endoTIPSitis, liver abscesses, and cholangitis, after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation in patients with prior biliary intervention. Materials and MethodsThis multi-institution, retrospective study identified 76 patients (n = 48 males; mean age, 54.9 years; mean Model for End-stage Liver Disease [MELD] score, 13.2; n = 45 for ascites and n = 23 for varices; n = 31 with prior liver transplantation) among 2,130 (3.6%) undergoing TIPS creation who had prior biliary intervention (n = 19 bilioenteric anastomoses, n = 35 sphincterotomies, n = 28 internal plastic stent placements, n = 4 internal metal stent placements, and n = 6 percutaneous biliary drain placements). The baseline risk of post–TIPS creation hepatobiliary infection was estimated from a control group of 1,202 TIPS creation procedures in patients without prior biliary intervention. ResultsEleven (14.5%) of 76 patients developed hepatobiliary infection after TIPS creation, including 7 with endoTIPSitis, 4 with hepatic abscesses, and 2 with cholangitis. The 30-day risk of infection was 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5%–17.8%), significantly higher than the 0.4% risk (95% CI, 0.1%–0.8%) observed in patients without prior biliary intervention (hazard ratio [HR], 25.56; 95% CI, 8.36–78.13; P < .001). All types of biliary intervention were associated with increased risk of infection, with bilioenteric anastomoses conferring the highest risk. Paradoxically, among patients with prior biliary intervention, use of postprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with an increased infection risk (HR, 19.85; 95% CI, 2.44–161.50; P = .005). Microbial culture data showed high rates of Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Candida species. ConclusionsPrior biliary intervention was associated with a 10.9% risk of hepatobiliary infection, including endoTIPSitis, liver abscess, and cholangitis, within 30 days after TIPS creation.