Hepato-protective potential of Choline and DHA supplements in rats exposed to tobacco particulate matter-A histological study

Abstract

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco is known to induce liver damage by decreasing its detoxifying capability. Chronic exposure to tobacco particulate matter in various forms jeopardizes the normal function of vital organs including the liver. The tobacco rolled in tendu leaf; known as ‘bidi’ is an unfiltered cigarette having tobacco content that is different from those used in cigarettes and is referred to as 'bidi tobacco'. Bidi smoking or chronic exposure to bidi tobacco causes multi-organ diseases. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid (C & DHA) are dietary components known to have hepato-protective action. But the combined action of choline and DHA on tobacco particulate-induced liver damage is largely unknown. The present study was designed to assess the hepato-protective potential of choline and DHA supplements to rat dams and pups exposed to tobacco particulate matter. Liver histological changes were analyzed from groups of Wistar rat dams and their pups [Unexposed Normal controls (NC) and those exposed to different tobacco particulate matters namely, tendu leaf smoke, tobacco dust, and bidi smoke] with or without supplementation of both choline and DHA. Results: Hepatocytic morphological architecture showed non-alcoholic fatty changes in all rats exposed to tobacco particulate matter and more so visibly higher in tobacco dust exposed groups compared to the same in age-matched NC group. These changes were ameliorated in rats supplemented with choline & DHA and exposed to tobacco particulate matter. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of mothers and their offspring to tobacco particulates causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with microstructural changes. Dietary supplementation of choline and DHA to rats exposed to tobacco particulate matter provides hepato-protection and ameliorates the hepatocytic morphological changes.