Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. It is transmitted enterically but replicates in the liver. Recent studies indicate that HEV exists in two forms: naked, nonenveloped virions that are shed into feces to mediate inter-host transmission, and membrane-cloaked, quasienveloped virions that circulate in the bloodstream to mediate virus spread within a host. Both virion types are infectious, but differ in the way they infect cells. Elucidating the entry mechanism for both virion types is essential to understand HEV biology and pathogenesis, and is relevant to the development of treatments and preventions for HEV. This review summarizes the current understanding of the cell entry mechanism for these two HEV virion types.
Highlights
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide [1]
These results suggest that the uncoating of naked HEV particles occurs before reaching the Rab5+ compartment, and the co-localization of capsids to Rab5 observed by others likely represent empty capsids that remain in the endocytic pathway after genome release
How does eHEV bind to cells and how is its cell tropism determined? Does eHEV entry involve membrane fusion? And does eHEV have a different uncoating mechanism from naked HEV? While there are no definitive answers for these questions, available evidence suggests that the eHEV quasienvelope is degraded by lysosomal enzymes prior to uncoating
Summary
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide [1]. Knowledge obtained from studying HEV entry may aid in the development of antiviral drugs, which is crucial for patients with chronic hepatitis E experiencing ribavirin failure. 22 of the development of antiviral drugs, which is crucial for patients with chronic hepatitis E experiencing and in severe liver disease in pregnant women from developing countries. This review will begin ribavirin failure and in severe liver disease in pregnant women from developing countries. This with a discussion about the structural differences between the two HEV virion types, discuss the review will begin with a discussion about the structural differences between the two HEV virion current understanding regarding the entry mechanism for each virion type. Types, discuss the current understanding regarding the entry mechanism for each virion type
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