Hepatitis C virus in kidney recipients: Epidemiology and impact on renal transplantation

Abstract

In an attempt to evaluate the prevalence, kinetics and impact of HCV infection in renal transplantation, we analyzed 140 kidney recipients according to the histcpathological status of the liver. Thirty-three HBsAg-negative patients had chronic active hepatitis, 73 HBsAg-negative patients had a normal liver, 21 HBsAg-negative kidney recipients had minimal pathological changes and 13 patients had HBsAg-positive cirrhosis. Serum antibodies to HCV were detected using the ELISA from Ortho Diagnostic and confirmatory tests using the Ortho recombinant-based immunoblot assays. The overall preva lence of antiHCV antibodies was 23.6%. AntiHCV were more frequently present in HBsAg-negative patients with chronic active hepatitis (60.6%) than in HBsAg-negative patients with normal livers (8.2%) ( p < 0.0001) or minimal liver changes (33.3%) (NS) or in HBsAg-positive patients with cirrhosis (0%) ( p < 0.001). The recombinant-based immunoblot assays confirmed antiHCV-positive ELISA results in 86.7% of patients. Among the 27 antiHCV-positive kidney recipients who had serial serological follow-up, 10 (37.0%) were already positive at transplantation and remained antiHCV-positive during follow-up. Eleven patients (40.8%) acquired antiHCV an average of 95 months after renal transplantation, while antiHCV disappeared an average of 111 months after transplantation in six (22.2%), who had antiHCV prior to transplantation. The kinetics of antiHCV antibodies did not differ according to liver histology. Patient and graft survival were not different in antiHCV-positive and antiHCV-negative kidney recipients irrespective of liver histology, and there was no difference in survival between antiHCV-positive and antiHCV-negative patients with chronic hepatitis. Our data suggest that in kidney transplantation: the prevalence of antiHCV antibodies is around 24% in kidney recipients and varies greatly according to liver histology; antiHCV antibodies are not systematically associated with the development of chronic liver disease and may be detected with high accuracy by the ELISA test; both post-transfusion hepatitis and so-called community-acquired hepatitis may occur in transplantation follow-up; and HCV infection clearly does not influence the survival of either allograft patients or kidneys.