Abstract
Understanding the structural biology, genotyping, and pathogenesis of HBV is crucial because it is a significant health risk that affects people all over the world. The four structural proteins that the HBV genome codes for are crucial to the pathogenesis of the virus. HBV genotypes vary by region, and these genotypes may respond to antiviral medication and vaccinations differently. Both molecular and serological assays are capable of detecting HBV infection. Chronic infection and antiviral therapy must be closely monitored in the management of HBV infection. HBV infection can be prevented by receiving the HBV vaccine, which is both reliable and secure. HBV genotypes, genetic polymorphisms, and relationships with leukomonocytes will be the main topics of future study.
 Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, HBV, structural biology, genotyping, pathogenesis, antiviral drugs
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